System of distribution.



No. 850,218. PATENTBD APR. 16, 1907.

B. FHANKENPIBLD. SYSTEM OF DISTRIBUTION.

APPLICATION FILED MAR. 31, 1906.

WITNESSES INVENTOR W v Budd Franken aem ATTORNEY balance of voltage.

'or balancers remaining idle.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

' BUDD FRANKENFIELD, OF NORWOOD, OVHIO, ASSIGNOR TO ALLIS-OHAL- MERS COMPANY, A CORPORATION OF NEW JERSEY, AND THE BULLOCK ELEOTRIO MANUFACTURING COMPANY, A CORPORATION O OHIO.

SYSTEM OF DISTRIBUTION.

Specification of Letters Patent. Application filed March 81,.1906. Serial No. 309,059.

Patented April 16, 1907- l To all whom it may concern.-

Be it known that I, Bum) FRANKENFIELD, a citizen of the United States, residing at Norwood, in the county of Hamilton and State of Ohio, have invented certain new'and useful Improvements in Systems of Distribution, of which the following is a full, clear, and exact specification.

My invention relates to multiple-voltage ployed in a system depends-upon the degree or extent of unbalancing. If at. all times the loads are only slightly unbalanced or if the degree of unbalancing is considerable, but does not vary greatly at diflerent'times, a

single balancer can usually be employed with sufficient economy to maintain the necessary If, however, the degree of unbalancing of the loads is excessive or if the unbalancing varies greatly at diflerent times, it may be necessary or more economical to employ two ormore balancers of the same size or of different sizes in the same system. In the latter case when the loads are only slightly unbalanced a single balancer is connected to the system, the other balancer When, however, the unbalanced load becomes so great that a single balancer cannot with econom supply suflicient powerto maintain the v0 tages between the conductors at their proper values, two or more balancers are connected in arallel to the system.

Each balancer is usually equipped with at least twojswitches for connecting itto or disconnecting it from the main source of power and the multiplewoltage s stem; Oneof the switches, usually a doub e-pole switch,- is located in the conductors connecting the baL ancer to two outer or main conductors or legs "of the system, and the other switchis in the neutral or compensatm conductor? The balancer is alsoprovide in the armaturecircuit with a rheostatforstartingebox for bringing the balancer to the proper speed before it is connected to the neutral or compenpensatmg 'thelatter to the main source speed or in neglecting to open the switc eating conductor. or before it is ready to take load. To start a balancer, the double-pole switch in the outer or main conductors is first closed, and the balancer is brought up to speed by gradually cutting out the resistance of the startingbox. When the balancer is up to speed, the switch in the neutral or comconductor is closed. A multipole switch or circuit-breaker (the number of poles de ending on the number of conduc-- tors of t e multiple-voltage. s stem) isprovided between the. lamps or otl ier translating devices constituting the load for connecting of current and to the balancer.

When there is only a single balancer employed in the system, no damage can result to the balancer or translating devices in case the switch in the neutral or compensating conductor is closed before the balancer is brought up to speed, providing the .multipole load-switch is not closed until the bal-- ancer is up to speed.

In case. two or more balancers' are adapted to be employed in the same system if it is desired to connect an idle balancer in parallel to a balancer already in operation with the ap- Earatus formerly employed and as balancers 'ave heretofore been connected, there is dan er of a violent short circuit throu h one f t e armature-windings of the id e balancer in'case the balancer-is connected to the neutral or compensating conductor before it is up to speed. This usually results from the carelessness of the operator in closing the con- orcompensatin the swltch whic conswitch in the neutral ductor before closing nects the balancer to the system or before the balancer is u to e neutral or com ensating conductor when the balancer was shut down at the close of a preceding run or operatiom On account of the good regulating qualities ,of compound-wound dynamo-electric machines it is desirable to employ them in balancers; It has been proposed to employ in the balancer two. compound-wound dynamo-electric machineshavin series field- -windings which are between t e armaturewindings and are shunted by a low-resistance the main conductors of l of the machines of the balancer which is being connected to the system if the equalizer,

is connected to that balancer before the latter is up to speed, in the same manner. as when the neutral or compensating conductor. is 1 connected to the balancer before it is up to speed. "Therefore in compound-wound balancers there is a danger of a short circuit through either the'neutral or compensating conductor 'or through the equalizing eonductor if, either the neutral or compensating switch or the equalizer-switch is closed before the balancer is up to speed.

cuit .through one of thearmature-windingsof a balancer andthe conse uent injury to that winding and to the trans ating devices when the balancer is started from rest and connected to a multiple-voltage system, espe cially when it is connected to a system in parallel with one or more other balancers.

In carrying out my invention I so arrange the main switch and one or more switches in a conduct-or or conductors through which there is danger of a short circuit, as a neutral switch, or equalizer-switch, referably by interlocking the same, that when the main switch is opened the neutral or equalizer switch, or both, will likewise be opened, and

that the latter switch .or switches cannot be closed unless the main switch is also closed. My invention further consists in certain novel'com'binations and arrangements of-elements described'in the specification and set forth in the appended claims. Fora better understanding of my invention, reference is. had to the accompanying drawings, in which Fi -1 shows a multiplevoltage system of distribution. to which shunt-wound balancers equipped with my invention are adapted to lac-connected, and Fig.2 shows the multiple voltage system to which compound-wound balancers e nipped with my invention are adapted to e connected. I

Referring first to Fig. 1, I have shown at 10 a source of current connected to the multiplevoltage system, consisting in ,7 this case of main conductors 11 and-12'and a neutral or It may be stated at this point that my invention -is applicable to the multiple-voltage systems of distribution inwhich the voltages between The object of my Invention is to provide means for avoidmg the danger of short circompensating conductors and themain conductors are equal,.called the symmetrical voltage systems, and to the systems in which the voltages between the neutral or compensating conductors and the main conductors are unequal, called the unsymmetrical voltage systems. My invention can also be applied as well to systems I. the neutral or systems having three conductors.

At 14 and 15 are shown, respectively, two shunt-wound balancers adapted to be consupply voltage in the well-known manner when the loads are unbalanced or are unequal. Each balancer consists of two dyname-electric machines 16 and 17, machine 16 consisting of an armature 18 and a shunt field-winding 19 and machine 17 ,consisting of an armature 20 and a shunt field-winding 21. The armatures'18 and 20 are connected, respectively, to conductors 22 and 23, which in turn areadapted to be connected by a double-pole main switch 24 to the main con i ductors 11 and 12 of the system. At 25 is shown the starting rheostat, which in this case is located between the armature 18 and conductor 22. Each balancer. is adapted ing conductor 13 by a single-pole neutral or compensating switch 26. .For reasons to be explained more fully the double-pole main switch 24 and the singlepole neutral or compensating switch are mechanically interlocked, so that when the main switch is opened it will engage and open the switch 26. In this case the double-pole switch 24 is provided with a lateral extension 27 and the single-pole switch 26 is provided with a lateral extension 28, the extension 28 overboth, are closed, switch 24 cannot be opened without switch 26 also beingopened and switch 26-cannot be closed unless switch. 24 is also closed. At 29 is -sh'own a three-pole load switch or circuit-breaker adapted to connect the. translating devices to or disconnect .them from the. balancersand the source of current. v 1 v The purpose and advantage of interlocking themain switch 24. and neutral or compen-- sating switch 28'will now be explained more fully. Suppose, for example, that 'both switches .could. be manipulated independently of each other and that the operator desires to connect a balancer to the system in parallel with a'balancer which-is already running and connected thereto. Ordinarily he would iirst close double-pole switch 24 and then bring the halancer up to speed by mov. ing the rheostat-arnl to its running position, and when the balancer is up to speed and is developing sufl'icient counter electromotive having more than three conductors as to nected to the multiple-voltage system to to .be connected to the neutral or compen sat-.

la ping the extension 27 of. switch 2 1. '1 ms. it is seen that although switch 26 can be opened independently of' switch 24 when I IIS ings.

thebalaners 30 and 31;

conductor and armature 20. The result' would be that the neutral or compensating conductor would be brou ht to substantially. the same potential as t e main conductor 12, and the-lamps between conductors 11 and 13 would be subjected to the entire voltage of the system. Machine 20 and the lamps between conductors'll and 13 would therefore probably be injuredor burned out. The same disastrous result would occur if there were only a single'balancer in the system anril the operator should close the loadswitch '29 and the single-pole switch 26 before the balancer is brought up to speed. When the switches are arranged accordin. to my invention, it is seen that a danger 0 a short circuit is very much reduced, for the reason that at the end of a run the operator can never open the main switch 24 without also opening the neutral or compensating switch 26. Therefore if the operator does not close switch 26 until after the balancer.

is up to speed there is no danger ofthe short circuit. i

I have shown shunt-wound balancers each consisting of two shunt-wound dynamoelectric machines. My invention so far described could, however, be a plied equally well to bala cers each of whic consists of a dynamotor aving the motor and generator armature-windings arranged on a single arm ature-core.

Reference is now had to Fig. 2 of the draweach consisting of compound-wound dynamoelectric machines 32 and 33, are adapted to be connected in parallel to the system. Machine 32 consists of an armature 34, series field-winding 35, and shunt field-winding 36,: and machine 33 consists of armature 37, se-g rics field-winding 38 and shunt field-winding 39. Armatures 34 and 37 are connected to conductors 40 and 41, which in turn are adapted to be connected to the main conductors 11 and 1 2 of the system by meansof a double-pole switch 42. The series windings are located between the armatures and, are

shunted by low-resistance conductor 43. As in the preceding case, a starting-rheostat 44 is located between the .armature.34 and the conductor 40. An equalizer is shownat 45,

which equalizer is adapted to be connected to the two low-resistance conductors 43 of Since the equalizer is connected to the two balancers at points between the armatures thereof, as was revjouslv stated, there is a considerable di er- In this figure, two balancers-30- and 31,

ence of voltage between the equalizer and either main conductor, and therefore there is danger of a short circuit through the equalizer and. an armature of a balancer if the equal izer should be connected to that balancer before it is up to speed and developing counter electromotive force. In this case, as with the shunt-wound balancers, the neutral or compensating conductor 13 is adapted to be connected to-each balancer between the armatures, and therefore there is the same danger of short circuit through the neutral or compensating conductor as was explained in the case of the shunt-wound'balancers. I

connect the equalizer 45 and the compensating conductor to each balancer by means of a double-pole switch 46, which has one pole in the equalizer-conductor and another pole in the neutral or compensating conductor. To lessen the danger of a short circuit, 1 interlock the double-pole switches 42 and 46, so

that when themain switch 42 is opened switch 46 will be engaged and will also be opened, and so that switch 46 cannot be closed without first or at the same time closing switch 42. Each main switch 42 is provided with a lateral rojection 47 and each switch 46 is provided with a lateral projection 48, which overlaps the lateral pro ection on the main switch 42, so that although switch 46 can be opened independently of switch 42 when both switches are closed switch -42 cannot be opened without switch 46 also being opened. A three-pole loadswitch is shown at 49, which switch connects the translating devices to the main source of current and to thebalancers.

It 'is' seen that with my invention danger .of a short circuit either through the neutral or compensating conductor or through'the equalizer is avo ded, since the equalizer or neutral switch is opened at the same time the ,main switch is opened, ,Moreover, if the switches .are' so constructed mechanically that the interlocking feature is apparent at aglance this feature will serve as a v sual sig-' nal of warning and will remind the operator of the danger involved in a manipulation of the switches in the wrong order and the operator is less likely to manipulate the switches '5 and the starting-box in any but the correct What I claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, -is

1. In a. multiple-voltage system 01' distri.-- .bution, a pluralit of conductors comprising main and neutra or compensating conductors, a balancer comprising armature-wini" ings, and means comprising conductors and interlocked Switches for connecting the windings to said main and compensating con-.- ductor. v 2. In a multiple-voltage system of distrie I bution, a plurality; of conductors comprising two main conductors and a neutral or corn.- pensatlng' conductor, abalancer having two armature-windings, a sw1tch for connecting.

.the windings to the main conductors, and a switch for connecting the windings to the 'neutral or compensating conductor, said switches being so arranged that the opening of the second-named switch is controlled by the first, and that the secondna1ned switch cannot be. closed unless the first-named switch is also closed. i

3. In amultiple-voltage system of distribution, a lurality of conductors. comprising main con uctors and a neutral or compensating conductor, one or morebalancers adapted to be connected to said system, each; bal ancer having a main switch. for connecting the balancer to the main conductors, and a neutral or compensating switch for connects -ingthe balancerto a neutral or compensatingeonductor, said switches being so arranged that when the main switch is opened it will engage and open the neutral switch,

and that the neutral switch cannot ,be' closedunless-the main switchis atthe same time or previously closed.

,, 4L. -In a multiple-voltage .systein of -distri. bution, a plurality of main and compensatin conductors, a plurality of'balancer'sada. te

' to be connected to said system in paralle an. equalizer, each balancer having.- a main.-

. lurali'tv of switches for connectin each switchand an equalizer-switch, said switches being so interlocked that by opening the ,main switch the equalizer-switch is also opened.

5. In a multiple-voltage system of distri-' bution, a plurality of conductors comprising two'main and a compensating conductor, a plurality of balancersadapted tobe connected theretoin parallel, an equalizer, and a main conductors, and amu'ltipole switch for each balancer to the main conductors, to the neutral-or compensating conductor and to the equalizer, each switch having a portion extending over or in the path of movement of anotherswitch or a portion thereof so that all the switches .willbe opened when the switch connecting the balancerto the main conductors is opened and cannot be closed unless the main switch is also closed.

7. In a multiple-voltage system of distribution, a plurality of conductors comprising two main conductors and a neutral or com- 'pensating conductor, a plurality of balancers adapted to be connected thereto in parallel,

.an equalizer, each .balancer consisting of compound-wound dynamo-electric machines, a main multipole switch for connecting the balancer to the mainconductors, and a mu]- I 'tipoleswitch for-connecting the balancer to 4 the neutral or compensatin conductor and to the equalizer, said switc es being interlocked so that'when the first-namedswitch opened and cannot be closed unless the main switch is also closed.

. 8. In a multiple-voltage system of distribution, a plurality of-conductors comprising.

main conductors and a'neutral or-compensat'- in'g conductor, va plurality of balancers adaptequalizer for said balancers, each balancer consisting of compound-wound dynamo-electric' machines, and having a main multipole switch for connecting the balancer to the,

connecting the. balancerto the neutral or compensating conductor andto the equal-- izer, the last-named switch having 'a-portion overlapping or in theipathof-movement ofthe main; switch, so that when the. main switch is opened it will engage and open the unless the, mainswitch is also closed. r

9-. In a multi le-voltage system of distribution, a plurality of conductors comprising main and neutral or compensating conductors, one ormore balancers having. one or more mam swltches and one or more neutral or com ensatmg vswitches, the latter be ng interloc ed with the former so that they are opened when the former are-opened and can-- 'is opened the second-named switch is also 'ed' to be connected thereto .in parallel, an 5 I other switch, and the latter'cannot be closed not be closed unless the former are also closed.

10. In a multiple-voltage system of distri-- bution, a plurality of main and compensating conductors, a balancer ada ted tobe'connected thereto, and a plura ity of main and compensating switches interlocked .so that the 0 string of the former controls the openingo the latter and the latter cannot be closed without the former'being'closed.

1 1; In combination, a main source of current, a plurality of balancers; a plurality of main, compensating, and equalizer conductors, and-a. plurality of main and equalizer switches for each balancer, the said switches being so arran%fd that the opening of the latter is contro ed by the former, and the latter cannot be closed Without the former being closed. 12. In combination, a mainsource of current, a plurality ofbalancers, a plurality of' main; compensating, and equalizer conductors, and a lurality of switches for connecting each baancer to said conductors, the said switches being so interlocked that by the opening of a main switch the switch or -t e said main switch is closed'.

switches connecting the balance: to the compensating and equalizer conductors are 0 ened and the latter cannot be closed unless 15. --In testimony whereof I aflix my signature in the presence o'ftwo Witnesses.

BUDD FRANKENFIELD.

Witnesses:

ARTHUR F. Kwis. FRED J. KINsnY. 

